Lingwa de Planeta | Expression of Quantity

In this lesson you will learn:

• 14 verbs (zwo, lusi, shuki, findi, selekti, konsili, kosti, pagi, kupi, vendi, danki, probi, trai, pasi)
• 18 nouns (ves, yash, pan, milka, nayu, masu, akwa, kapra, boxa, riva, boy, gela, son, skola, klas, grupa, kitaba, kalam)
• 5 adjectives (longe, gao, grave, guy, chipe)
• 17 simple numerals (nol, un, dwa, tri, char, pet, sit, sem, ot, nin, shi, sto, mil, milion, haf, charfen)
• 8 words related to quantity (mucho, pluri, kelke, idyen, shao, kwanto, tanto, sirke)
• 9 words related to time (sekunda, minuta, ora, wik, mes, yar, sekla, klok, datum)
• 7 names of days of the week (undi, dwadi, tridi, chardi, petdi, sitdi, semdi)
• 4 seasons of the year (saif, oton, hima, vesna)
• 10 nouns for different measures (metra, litra, kilo(gram), pes, botela, pak, lof, rubla, euro, dolar)
• 7 words to talk about time (laste, bifoo-ney, lai-she, tardem, ranem, bifooen, aften, pa same taim, pa, kada, bak, afte, fo, duran, fon, til, depos)
• 3 prepositions (per, po, pur)
• 3 useful words (sol, vaika, also)
• 1 form of plural formation (s / es)

A total of 126 vocabulary units (+ 214 from lessons 1-4 = a total of 340 units)

Exact Quantity (counting)

To count, numerals are needed:

• nol - zero
• un - one
• dwa - two
• tri - three
• char - four
• pet - five
• sit - six
• sem - seven
• ot - eight
• nin - nine
• shi - ten

To form tens, the word denoting the number of tens is placed before the word shi (written together):

• dwashi - twenty
• trishi - thirty
• ninshi - ninety

To count from 11 to 19, the word denoting the units is placed before the word shi (written with a hyphen):

• shi-un - eleven
• shi-dwa - twelve
• shi-tri - thirteen
• shi-nin - nineteen)

Analogously:

• dwashi-un - twenty-one
• dwashi-dwa - twenty-two
• dwashi-nin - twenty-nine

Hundreds:

• One hundred: sto

• dwasto - two hundred
• tristo - three hundred
• ninsto - nine hundred
• dwasto-trishi-nin - two hundred thirty-nine

For large numbers, the words mil (thousand) and milion (million) are used (written separately):

• pet milion sitsto-otshi-char mil dwa (5,684,002)

Translation Exercise (Lidepla)

• 75
• 81
• 395
• 403
• 612
• 5,736
• 88,902
• 3,630,785

If a noun follows a numeral, its form does not change:

Inexact Quantity

The form of the noun also does not change after words denoting quantity:

• mucho - much, many
• shao - little, few
• pluri - several
• kelke - some
• idyen - a little

nor after the interrogative word kwanto (how much/many), nor after the demonstrative word tanto (so much/many):

However, there is also a special plural form of the noun. To form it, s is added to the noun (if the word ends in a vowel) or es (if the word ends in a consonant):

• kinda - child
• kindas - children
• flor - flower
• flores - flowers

Note: when forming the plural, the stress placement does not change.

The plural form is used when, for some reason, it is necessary to indicate plurality in the absence of words indicating quantity:

Translation Exercise

• In my class (klas) there are many children.
• We have two groups (grupa). In my group there are 15 people. We have many books and pencils (kalam).
• We also have flowers. In my class there are many girls (gela), but few boys (boy). Several girls can sing.
• Some children can dance. How many girls are in your class? Yesterday I lost (lusi) my pencil.
• I looked for it (shuki), but couldn't find it (findi). I had to ask a girl to help me. She advised me (konsili) to look (that I look) at home.
• She said I could choose (selekti) and take one of her pencils. I took a pencil and thanked her (danki).

Time on the clock

Numerals are important when talking about time. To indicate the exact time, the word klok is used:

To ask "What time is it?", the interrogative word kwel (which, what) is used:

The approximation is expressed with the preposition-adverb word bli (around):

To indicate that something happens at a specific time, the general meaning preposition pa is used:

here the future tense particle can be omitted.

To the indication of hours, the combinations pa aksham (in the evening) and pa sabah (in the morning) can be added:

Translation Exercise

• What time is it? - It's almost half past four.
• I wanted to meet her at six in the evening. No matter what she thinks, I will go at six.
• At half past six we will go to the store (shop), she will choose a hat (shapa) for herself, and I will buy it.
• What time are you coming? - Where to? - Home. - At ten.

Days of the week, months, dates, seasons

The days of the week (wik – week) are formed from numerals by adding the particle di (written together). Alternative names are based on the names of the planets (the stress always falls on the first syllable):

• undi = lunadi (Monday)
• dwadi = marsadi (Tuesday)
• tridi = merkudi (Wednesday)
• chardi = jipidi (Thursday)
• petdi = venudi (Friday)
• sitdi = satudi (Saturday)
• semdi = suryadi (Sunday)

Similarly, using the word mes (month), the names of the months are formed (written with a hyphen). Alternative names are based on common European names:

• januar = mes-un (January)
• februar = mes-dwa (February)
• marto = mes-tri (March)
• april = mes-char (April)
• mey = mes-pet (May)
• yuni = mes-sit (June)
• yuli = mes-sem (July)
• augusto = mes-ot (August)
• septemba = mes-nin (September)
• oktoba = mes-shi (October)
• novemba = mes-shi-un (November)
• desemba = mes-shi-dwa (December)

Seasons of the year (seson):

• saif - summer
• oton - autumn
• hima - winter
• vesna - spring)

With all words denoting days of the week, months, seasons of the year, and times of day, the general meaning preposition pa is usually used:

Translation Exercise

• On Monday I draw, on Tuesday I sing, on Wednesday I dance. On Thursday I buy (kupi), on Friday I sell (vendi). On Saturday I eat and drink, on Sunday I travel (safari).
• In the morning I will go to your house, and in the evening I will go to my house. In summer I travel a lot, in autumn I work a lot, in winter I sleep a lot, in spring I start to believe, hope, love, live and rejoice.
• In May I will go to America to meet my good friend (amiga).

To indicate that something happens regularly, the word kada (each) is used:

Talking about time intervals

To indicate how long ago something happened, the word bak (ago) is used:

To say after how long something will happen, the word after (after) is used:

To talk about a period of time, the words fo (for) and duran (during/throughout) are used:

To communicate the start and end time of a period, the words fon (from) and til (until) are used:

The beginning of a period that has not yet ended is indicated by the word depos (since then):

the verb is used in its basic form.

Demonstrative word: dan - then.

Combination with it: depos dan - since then

Useful words:

• sol - only
• vaika - at least, only
• also - so, therefore, which means

Verb pasi (to pass):

Translation Exercise

• Every morning my son (son) goes to school (skola). There he can play with the children. They play every day.
• From 9 to 10 they read, then from 10 to 11 they write. Then they eat and drink, for half an hour. At home my son also reads.
• For this, he takes books (kitaba) at school. At school you can only take books for 3 days, so children have to read a lot.
• We came here 5 years ago, when my son was still small. Since then we live here. In 2 years my son will be grown up and will finish school.

In a story, the words can also be useful:

• laste - last
• bifoo-ney - previous
• sekwe - next
• lai-she - next, future
• ves - time (as in occurrence)

Other useful words:

• bifooen - before
• aften - later, after
• pa same taim - at the same time, at once
• ranem - early
• tardem - late

Translation Exercise

• Had we met before? He can sing and dance at the same time.
• Please don't be late. If you arrive early, we can do whatever you want. Last time you didn't understand me.
• I hope next time you can understand.

Measurements

When talking about the value of a measurement, the corresponding adjective is added:

Units of Measurement:

• metra - meter
• litra - liter
• kilogram - kilo (kilogram)

When the information about the quantity is in the sentence before the name of the substance, no preposition is used:

With words like pes (piece), pak (package) and botela (bottle), the use of the preposition de is also not mandatory:

Talking about Prices:

Monetary Units:

• rubla - ruble
• euro - euro
• dolar - dollar

Useful Prepositions for Talking about Prices

In a conversation about costs, the following prepositions will be useful:

• pur - for, in exchange for
• per - per, for each
• po - at, each at

Translation Exercise

• What would you like to buy?
• I need some bread (pan) and two bottles of milk (milka). How much does it cost?
• The bread costs twenty-five rubles per loaf (lof).
• But that's very expensive (guy)!
• I think it's very cheap (chipe).
• I also need to buy some of this beautiful fabric (kapra).
• The fabric costs five hundred rubles per meter. But there's only one piece.
• How long is it? (How long?)
• Three and a half meters.
• I'll buy it.

Text

Me dumi ke planeta de syao prinsa es asteroida "B-sitsto-shi-dwa". Un jen findi-te it in skay pa yar mil ninsto-nin. Sey planeta es tanto syao ke it bu hev vere nam, sol numer. Me shwo om se bikos adulte jen pri sifra. Li bu wud mog samaji si me wud shwo "Unves ye syao prinsa. Ta jivi pa un muy syao planeta, e ta nidi amiga..." Li bu wud mog kredi.

• prinsa - prince
• asteroida - asteroid
• vere - true
• nam - name
• numer - number
• adulte - adult
• sifra - digit
• unves - once
• amiga - friend

New verbs

Etiquette: asking about age

The question about age (yash) can be asked in different ways:

The question can also be answered in different ways:

Language in focus: Hindi

Hindi ranks fifth in terms of the number of native speakers; however, in terms of the total number of speakers, it is only surpassed by Chinese.

The word "Hindi" itself can be understood in different ways: in a strict sense, it designates the standard literary language; in a broad sense, it refers to a whole group of closely related dialects.

The history of Hindi dates back centuries, to Central Asia, where a language was spoken that became the progenitor of many Indo-European languages. The greatest influences on Hindi come from Sanskrit (an ancient literary language of India, which served as a language of intercultural communication) and English (in the mid-19th century, India became a British colony).

Excerpt from The Little Prince in Hindi (the transcription represents the pronunciation very approximately; the duplication of a vowel indicates its length):

Oh! Nanhen raajkumaar!

Mainne teraa jeevan, uskee udaasee dheere-dheere samajh lee thee!

Bahut dinon tak mere paas man bahlaane kaa ek maatr saadhan thaa suuryaast kaa saundarya.

Iskaa pataa mujhe tujhse mulaakaat ke chauthe din chalaa jab tuune mujhse kahaa:

"Mujhe suuryaast bahut ach'haa lagtaa hai, aao chalen dekhen!"

Here is the translation of the text into Spanish:

Words from Lidepla taken from Hindi:

Non-lexical words:

• namastee - hello
• swaagat - welcome
• shayad - probably
• nich - down
• uupar - up
• koy - some, any

Nouns:

• jiva - life
• atma - soul
• mata - mother
• nam - name
• agni - fire
• surya - sun
• badal - cloud
• abyas - custom, habit
• afsos - regret, pity
• bashan - speech, report
• dwar - door
• gadar - betrayal
• gari - car, carriage
• kapra - fabric
• jadu - witchcraft, magic
• kwan - well
• muh - mouth
• nuksan - damage
• madu - honey
• pyasa - thirst

Verbs:

• jan - to know
• janmi - to be born, to give birth
• jal - to burn
• pi - to drink
• pri - to like
• samaji - to understand
• bigari - to spoil
• chori - to steal
• tori - to break, to tear

Adjectives:

• chauke - cautious
• bure - brown
• durte - cunning
• gamande - arrogant
• garme - hot
• garwe - proud
• mahane - majestic
• dule - soft, tender
• mushkile - difficult, complicated
• namre - modest
• kurupe - ugly
• rishte - related, relative
• santush - satisfied
• tange - narrow
• tayar - ready

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