Lingwa de Planeta | Verbal structures

If you have reached this lesson, it means that you have already mastered most of the language's grammar and can start reading texts (with a dictionary or by consulting the corresponding Spanish text), for example, fairy tales, in particular "Telephone Tales" by Gianni Rodari. Here, for example, you have the story "Alice in Wonderland" with parallel text in Russian and Italian. A short and funny text read and understood brings joy and inspires. However, it should be noted that, in order to get used to the language and master the vocabulary, specialists advise reading long works. If you decide to follow this advice, we recommend the translation of N. Chukovsky's fascinating book "Sailor Rutherford in the Captivity of the New Zealanders". If you prefer fairy tales, the famous "Little Prince" and the no less famous "Alice in Wonderland" await you (although with Alice it is more difficult, since the fragments with wordplay, obviously, are not literally translated). And finally, you can always start communicating directly in Lidepla in the Facebook group or on the forum of the "Lideplandia" website. We wish you success and hope to see you!

Special verbs

The verbs pai (to get), dai (to give) and lwo in (to fall into) in combination with other verbs acquire a new nuance of meaning:

In Lidepla there is a special verb that has no meaning of its own: fai. It can be used with a noun, and then it acquires the meaning of "to perform the usual action with this object":

In general, the verb fai can be used instead of practically any verb (predominantly in colloquial language, of course).

The verb geti means "to end up", "to get into some situation":

Sometimes the verb is repeated (with a hyphen). Such repetition gives a meaning of short-duration and intense action, possibly repetitive:

The repetition of the verb through the negative particle bu- is a (colloquial) way to ask a question:

Passive voice

To report that an action is performed on something/someone, the particle gei is used:

To add who performs the action, the preposition bay is used:

Sometimes it is important to say that someone performs an action independently, without anyone's help. Or that the action is performed exactly by the person being spoken of, by herself/himself. For this there is the word selfa (self):

If the action has already occurred and we are talking about the result, we can use the known particle -ney and the verb bi/es/bin:

Often it is necessary to report the material something is made of. To convey this meaning, the already known preposition aus is used:

Translation Exercise

• In childhood (kinda-yash) I never managed to build (bildi) a sand (ramla) castle (kastela), because usually my brother (brata) would come and break it (rupti).
• In reality (pa fakta) he didn't want to break it, he simply (simplem = sim) was small and didn't understand what I was doing.
• And the castle was built many times by my hands (handas) and broken by my brother's little foot (peda-ki).
• When the little brother saw that the castle was broken, he often began to cry a lot, since he just (simply) wanted to play with me.

Combination of actions

To report that two actions occurred simultaneously, the preposition al can be used, which introduces circumstances:

The same effect can be achieved by forming a gerund from one of the verbs with the particle -yen:

If an action becomes a certain background, approaching a quality, a participle can be formed with the particle -she:

Or an adverb, with the particle -shem:

It is also possible to form a noun with the particle -sha:

If an action occurred after another, the preposition afte (after) is used:

Or an adverb, formed with the particle -nem:

Translation Exercise

• Look, this girl is a truly loving mother (mata).
• She smiles (smaili) so sweetly (dulem) when she sees the child smile at her.
• She is always talking, telling something, walking (promeni) with him.
• And he doesn't cry when (after) he falls.
• He simply goes with his mom, who knows how to comfort (konsoli) so (well) that everything bad is immediately forgotten.

Prepositions of relation and correlation

Correspondence: segun

Means: via

Direction: versu

Relation: relatem

Support: pro

Anti-support: kontra

Correlations:

Substitution: inplas

Exception: exepte

Addition: krome

Concession: malgree

New verbs

Text

Walaa Winni-Puh. Ta desendi sulam afte suy amiga Kristofer Robin. Ta desendi it
al kapa nichen, fai bum-bum-bum bay suy nuka. Ta haishi bu jan nul otre dao fo
desendi sulam. Koyves sembli a ta ke ye koy otre dao. Bat ta bu hev taim fo
dumi-dumi hao om to. Ta fai ya suy bum-bum-bum.

Also ta es pa fin nichen e tayar fo en-koni yu.

— Winni-Puh. Me joi gro.

Shayad yu fa-surprisi por sey nopinchan nam. Kristofer Robin he dai it a ta.
Koytaim lu gwo koni un swan kel jivi pa parka-lak. Lu gwo nami ta Puh. Poy swan
he geti a koy-otrelok e suy nam resti sin gunsa. Also Kristofer Robin desidi
doni it a suy berna-ki.

• walaa - here is
• desendi - to descend, to go down
• sulam - ladder
• kapa - head
• nuka - nape
• dao - way, path
• pa fin - finally
• tayar - ready
• koni - to know
• en-koni - to meet for the first time
• surprisi - to surprise
• nopinchan - unusual
• swan - swan
• lak - lake
• gunsa - work, use
• berna - bear

Language in focus: German

German is the native language of about 90 million people. The language belongs to the Germanic branch of the Indo-European family. German as the language of a unified Germanic people began to form at the beginning of the 11th century, along with the unification of the multi-ethnic Germanic community, although it must be recognized that many dialects are still spoken in Germany today, and speakers of some of them sometimes barely understand each other. Later, at the same time that the economy developed, there was a penetration into German speech of foreign words, in particular French and Slavic. In the 20th century, a considerable amount of borrowings from English also appeared.

Excerpt from "The Little Prince" in German:

Ach, kleiner Prinz, so nach und nach habe ich dein kleines schwermütiges Leben verstanden.
ah 'klyainea prints s/zo nah unt nah 'habe ih dain 'klyaines shwea'mi/utiges leebn feash'tandn
Lange Zeit hast du, um dich zu zerstreuen, nichts anderes gehabt als die Lieblichkeit der Sonnenuntergänge.
lange tsait hast du um dih tsu tseasht'roien nihts 'anderes ge'hapt als dii 'liiblihkait dea 's/zonen'unteageenge
Das erfuhr ich am Morgen des vierten Tages, als du mir sagtest:
das ea'fuua ih am moagn des 'fiiatn 'taages als du mia s/zaktest
Ich liebe die Sonnenuntergänge sehr.
ih 'liibedii 's/zonen'unteageenge s/zeea

Words from Lidepla taken from German:

Non-lexical words:

• also - so, then
• aus - out of, from
• ausen - outside
• inen - inside
• hir - here
• fon - from
• ob - if, whether
• obwol - although
• wek - away, off
• wo - where
• ya - yes
• yedoh - however
• ga - completely

Nouns:

• baum - tree
• man - man
• fet - fat
• kinda - child
• glok - bell
• kol - cabbage

Verbs:

• darfi - to be allowed to
• mus - must, to have to
• mah - to make (in some way)
• glimi - to blink, to gleam
• haili - to heal

Adjectives:

• abrupte - abrupt, unexpected
• bunte - colorful
• glate - smooth

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